Creatine supplementation does not decrease oxidative stress and inflammation in skeletal muscle after eccentric exercise.

Thirty-six male rats were used; divided into 6 groups (n = 6): saline; creatine (Cr); eccentric exercise (EE) plus saline 24 h (saline + 24 h); eccentric exercise plus Cr 24 h (Cr + 24 h); eccentric exercise plus saline 48 h (saline + 48 h); and eccentric exercise plus Cr 48 h (Cr + 48 h). Cr supplementation was administered as a solution of 300 mg · kg body weight(-1) · day(-1) in 1 mL water, for two weeks, before the eccentric exercise. The animals were submitted to one downhill run session at 1.0 km · h(-1) until exhaustion. Twenty-four and forty-eight hours after the exercise, the animals were killed, and the quadriceps were removed. Creatine kinase levels, superoxide production, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level, carbonyl content, total thiol content, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, interleukin-1b (IL-1ß), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kb), and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) were analysed. Cr supplementation neither decreases Cr kinase, superoxide production, lipoperoxidation, carbonylation, total thiol, IL-1ß, NF-kb, or TNF nor alters the enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxides in relation to the saline group, respectively (P < 0.05). There are positive correlations between Cr kinase and TBARS and TNF-α 48 hours after eccentric exercise. The present study suggests that Cr supplementation does not decrease oxidative stress and inflammation after eccentric contraction.

Efeito de diferentes frequências semanais de treinamento sobre parâmetros de estresse oxidativo / Effect of different frequencies weekly training on parameters of oxidative stress

Durante a contração muscular intensa induzida pelo exercício físico, há aumento na produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio, ocasionando estresse oxidativo em diversos órgãos, dentre eles o fígado e o coração. O treinamento físico pode aumentar as defesas antioxidantes e diminuir o estresse oxidativo. Contudo, ainda existem dúvidas sobre a frequência de treinamento necessária para melhorar parâmetros de estresse oxidativo. Este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar o efeito das frequências de duas e três vezes de exercício por semana sobre biomarcadores de estresse oxidativo no fígado e coração. Foram utilizados 18 camundongos machos (CF1), jovens (30 a 35g) divididos em grupos (n=6/grupo): não treinado (NT); treinado duas vezes por semana (T2) e treinado três vezes por semana (T3). Os animais foram submetidos ao treinamento durante oito semanas. Quarenta e oito horas após a última sessão os animais foram sacrificados. O fígado e o coração foram removidos e armazenados em freezer - 70ºC. Foram analisadas as substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico, carbonilação de proteínas, conteúdo total de tióis, atividades da superóxido dismutase , catalase e glutationa peroxidase. Os resultados demonstraram que apenas o grupo T3 reduziu dano oxidativo. Ademais, houve aumento no conteúdo total de tióis, atividades da superóxido dismutase e catalase no mesmo grupo em comparação com o não treinado. A atividade da glutationa peroxidase não apresentou diferença significativa entre os grupos. Este estudo demonstrou que somente a frequência de treinamento de três vezes por semana reduz dano oxidativo e aumenta a eficiência do sistema enzimático antioxidante de camundongos.

Intense muscle contraction induced by physical exercise increases the production of reactive oxygen species, which causes oxidative stress in several organs, such as the liver and the heart. Physical training may increase antioxidative defenses and decrease oxidative stress. However, it is not clear what training frequency improves oxidative stress parameters. This study evaluated the effect of training two and three times a week on oxidative stress biomarkers in the liver and the heart. Eighteen young male mice (CF1) weighing 30 to 35 g were divided into three groups (n=6): no training (NT); twice a week training (T2); and three times a week training (T3). The training program lasted eight weeks, and the animals were killed 48 hours after the last training session. The liver and the heart were removed and stored at -70o C. The following analyses were conducted: thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, protein carbonylation, total thiol content, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Oxidative damage was reduced only in the T3 group, and there was an increase in total thiol content, supeoxidase dismutase and catalase in T3 when compared with the NT group. Glutathione peroxidase was not significantly different between groups. Only training three times a week seemed to reduce oxidative stress and increase the efficiency of the antioxidant system in mice.